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"Learning Within and Among Organizations" (PDF file) Author: Kathleen M. Carley Abstract Change is readily seen both within organizations and within populations of organizations. Such change has been characterized as organization or population level learning or evolution. Underlying such change, is change at the individual human and social network level. Herein, it is asked, how does the way in which individuals learn and the way in which networks evolve reflect itself in organizational and population level learning. What changes should emerge at the organization and population level due to learning, information diffusion, and network change at the individual level? Herein it is argued that organization and population level phenomena, such as performance improvements, mis-learning, and shakeouts emerge from the on-going processes of change at the individual level. Looking at learning and information diffusion enables the organizational theorist to link micro and macro level organizational phenomena. | ||